TOEIC READING PRACTICE

Part 5: INCOMPLETE SENTENCES

Adverbs of frequency

• Definite frequency: every day, annually, and twice a week
• Certain indefinite frequency: frequently, generally, occasionally, often, sometimes, and usually
• Place to set: Indefinite frequency
  • After the verb be
  • Precede all other verbs
  • Go after the first auxiliary
• Exception: At the beginning or end of the sentence or clause.
  • Definite frequency
  • Frequently, generally, occasionally, often, sometimes, and usuallye

Conjunction

• Coordinate conjunctions: and, or, nor, but,,,
• Subordinate conjunctions: although, since, because, when, before,,,

Prepositions

• At: a specific time
• On: a specific day
• In: a specific city
• On: a specific date

Transition Words: A; (transition words) B

• Accordingly: それゆえに、したがって(therefore)
• Furthermore: おまけに、その上に(besides)、さらに
• Nevertheless: それにもかかわらず、それでも、やはり(however)
• Besides: その上、さらに(also)
• However: しかしながら、けれども、それにもかかわらず
• For example: たとえば
• Consequently: その結果、したがって、必然的に
• Moreover: その上、さらに、加えて(Further, besides)
• Meanwhile: そのあいだに
• Then: それゆえ、したがって、
• As a result: 結果として
• On the whole: 一般敵に
• Hence: それゆえに、したがって (so, therefore, consequently)
• To this end: その目的で
• For this purpose: その目的で
• So: それゆえに、したがって、その結果
• Therefore: それゆえに、したがって、その結果
• In addition:

Verbs: Causative: get, make and have & order, cause, force, and want

• [make, have, and let] + object + simple (base) form of a verb
• [get, want, order, cause] + object + to + simple (base) form of a verb

Verbs: Conditional

• Real condition
  • Past: If they were waitiging for a counteroffer, they were wise.
  • Present: (Normal)
  • Future: If taxes [go up], we will need to borrow money. (First conditiaonal: Possibility - 可能性)
• Unreal condition
  • Past: His choice would have been excellent if he had listened to our advice. (Third conditional たられば)
  • Present: If elephants had wings, they could fly. (Second conditional: 想像上のシチュエーション)
  • Future: xxxx

Verbs: Tense

• Certain time markers: now, tomorrow, since
• Verb in the main clause
• Stative verbs (seem, become, know, understand, be, etc.) can not be used in continuous.

Verbs: Two-word: An example - turn down

• Turn: Rotate
• Down: From a higher to lower position
• Turn down: reject or to lower

Word families

• Noun suffixes: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, -or, -ion
• Adjective suffixes: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive.
• Adverb suffixes: -ly, -word, -wise
• Verb fuffixes: -en, -ify, -ize

PART 6: TEXT COMPLETION

PART 7: READING COMPREHENSION